Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and loss of voluntary control. Commonly diagnosed in individuals aged 40 to 70, ALS has two main types: familial (5-10% of cases, inherited) and sporadic (90% of cases, with unknown origins). The disease, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, was first described by neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot in 1868.
Symptoms include muscle twitches, weakness, cramps, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, fatigue, and respiratory issues. ALS progresses through four stages:
- Initial Stage: Mild symptoms like muscle twitches and fatigue.
- Middle Stage: Increased weakness, dysphagia, and emotional changes.
- Later Stage: Severe muscle paralysis and dependence on caregivers.
- Final Stage: Respiratory failure and severe complications, often leading to death.
Risk factors include age, hereditary predisposition, male sex, military service, and smoking. Complications may involve speech difficulties, memory loss, malnutrition, and respiratory problems, with pneumonia being a common cause of death.
Currently, there is no known prevention for ALS. However, natural remedies can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. These include:
- Exercise: Low to moderate impact activities to strengthen muscles and improve coordination.
- Speech Therapy: Strengthening vocal muscles to aid communication.
- Heat Application: Reducing muscle cramps and stiffness.
- Palliative Care: Enhancing quality of life from diagnosis onward.
- Hospice Care: Providing comfort and pain relief in the final stages of the disease.
While ALS has no cure, these strategies can help slow progression and improve the overall quality of life for those affected. If symptoms worsen, consulting a healthcare professional is essential for proper management.