Vertigo is a sensation of spinning or movement when there is none, often accompanied by feelings of imbalance and nausea. It is not a disease itself but a symptom of underlying medical conditions. Vertigo affects women more frequently than men and can lead to discomfort and complications.
There are two main types of vertigo:
- Central Vertigo: Caused by issues in the central nervous system, particularly in the cerebellum, which controls balance and coordination. Common causes include strokes, multiple sclerosis, tumors, blood vessel diseases, and alcohol consumption.
- Peripheral Vertigo: Arises from problems in the inner ear, specifically the vestibular system. Key causes include:
- Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV): Triggered by dislodged calcium crystals in the inner ear.
- Vestibular Neuritis: Inflammation of the vestibulocochlear nerve affecting balance.
- Meniere’s Disease: Characterized by episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, ear pressure, and hearing loss.
Symptoms of vertigo include dizziness, confusion, loss of balance, and hearing issues. To prevent vertigo, it is advisable to avoid sugary foods, limit alcohol intake, stay hydrated, moderate salt consumption, and avoid bright lights.
Home remedies include proper sleep positioning, staying calm during episodes, and specific exercises like Epley’s Maneuver and Brandt-Daroff exercises to alleviate symptoms.
While these measures can help manage vertigo, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional if symptoms persist to identify and treat any underlying conditions.